SPY - Broad Market Analysis

This type of rally is consistent with what is described on Lines 119 to 121 of this report which describes delta-hedging pressure from the trading of put options to cause upward movement on a stock price. To summarize: market makers seeking to delta-hedge the purchasing of put options would short shares to hedge, and therefore, if you have a significant amount of closing of those puts, the MMs should purchase shares to cover their short position, leading to the market rally.

Puts to calls here:

However, SpotGamma seems to think the rally will begin at around 03/16, instead of 03/21.

[size=4]Max Pain[/size]
Interestingly, UW is showing the following Max Pain Levels for the next SPY expiries (as of March 4, 2022):

  • 03/04: 437 — note that SPY closed 432
  • 03/07: 437
  • 03/09: 435
  • 03/11: 435
  • 03/14: 450
  • 03/16: 435
  • 03/18: 445
  • 03/21: 434
  • 03/23: 430
  • 03/25: 435

Max Pain is the price level at which the market makers take the most profit, with most options premiums expiring worthless. For example, for 03/18, if SPY is at 445, that is where MMs make the most money, so there is some level of inclination to have SPY be around that price point, which does coincide with this post-FOMC market rally theory. However, as noted above, Max Pain for 03/04 was 437 and SPY closed 432, so of course take these levels with a grain of salt. Just another piece of the market puzzle.

[size=4]How I Might Trade This[/size]
After FOMC if it’s dovish or neutral, I am interested in taking SPY calls probably for 03/18 or 03/21 expiry for a swing. I’m no SPY expert though.

5 Likes

Tl;dr: I think if FOMC rate hike is 0.25%, we’ll fall hard. If rate hike is 0.5%, we might have a brief rally before we fall more gently. Opex will piss in our cheerios either way.

Rationale behind tl;dr

It feels like the calm before the storm.

FOMC meeting is on Wed, where we’re expecting a 0.25-0.5% rate hike. Then there’s quad witching on Friday. We have tomorrow to make our bets, if we so choose, and then fly through possible major turbulence Wed-Fri.

There are a lot of conflicting signals out there, but on balance, I think:

  • In the short term, the market will respond favorably to a 0.5% rate hike, and negatively to a 0.25% one. Sounds paradoxical, perhaps? Rationale is, seems like market is already pricing in a 0.5% hike.
    – If Fed hikes by 0.25%, it signals that they are way behind the curve, that they will have bring a hammer into play later in the year to compensate for runaway inflation, which will freak the market out.
    – A hike of 0.5%, on the other hand, is consistent with the narrative of consistent rate increases every meeting for the rest of this year, and a good chunk of next, which is again what the market is probably pricing in.
    – Another potential tailwind with the 0.5% hike is money flowing into the US markets from the European and Asian ones. One reason is simply because Benjamins are still seen as the safe haven for private parties during times of uncertainty (unless one is a Russian oligarch), and the other is because a 0.5% creates an even larger return arb opportunity compared to Europe’s -0.50% (yes, negative) which they might adjust to -0.25% (yes, negative again).

  • In the long run, markets will still fall for a while yet, because of inflation, supply chain issues, commodity price shocks, energy shocks, lower earnings forecasts, Russia-Ukraine, and increasing lockdowns in China. (What a list!) While we will fall some more either way, I think this week will likely determine if we jackknife or have a more gentle glide down to lower levels.
    – Even if we didn’t have all this excitement in the international arena, I think we’d still go down because 0.5% rate hike is paltry compared to the near-8% inflation we are looking at, where the inflation isn’t primarily even demand side driven.

Note that with opex on Friday, all else being equal, we expect markets to drop till Friday and then rally on Monday as net-put hedges are unwound. I have no idea on how FOMC and opex will net out, except that it will probably be a hot mess on both sides of the weekend.

Enough talk. Let’s mix in some pictures.

4000 and 4300 Are Important SPX Levels

We closed at 4173 for SPX. Recall that large gamma levels act as support or resistance, and can act as a magnet because of how hedging flows work, in the absence of meaningful news events. The image below is the latest SPX gamma snapshot from SpotGamma. We can therefore expect us to snap to about 4300 on positive reaction, and could easily fall to 4000 if the reaction is negative.

More worrisome, there isn’t much by way of support below 4000, so if we breach that, we could be in circuit breaker territory.

Good news is, when all these puts expire, the rally on Monday should be pretty sweet. … Sweet, but short.

Note the lack of call gamma by the way - speaks to the overall negative sentiment, which is also captured by the put to call ratios of between 2 and 3 for major expiries over the next few months.

SPX/SPY Death Cross Happened Today

A death cross happens when the 200-day SMA passes the 50-day SMA. There isn’t a good fundamentals-based reason for this to be a thing, other than the fact that traders consider this to be a thing, so it becomes a thing by the laws of self-fulfilling prophecies. Like the 8 EMA.

The death cross for both SPX and SPY happened today around 2pm. :skull:

This is seen to be a definitive sign of a bear market by many, and should have set off all kinds of algos in the back end to assume an even more bearish posture. FOMC is probably the only thing holding the algo-hounds of market-hell at bay.

SPX/SPY Stuck In A Channel…

Channels can be stubborn, once they form. Not much more to say here other than that the channel also tells us the upcoming trajectory is likely downward.

20 Likes

I’d noted above that a sufficient rate hike could bring European money into the US markets. Looks like a large chunk of money has moved out of European equities. No guaranteed that it’ll come Stateside, but reasonable to think of it as one location.

The other destination of withdrawn funds is of course cash - fund managers are hoarding cash at levels similar to previous downturns:

image

Suggests that market participants are in wait-and-see mode. Doesn’t help us immediately, but when there is a reversal to the upside, we can expect all this money to flow right back in and provide tailwind.

7 Likes

My two cents on sentiment heading into tomorrow would be bearish. The market currently has a lot of Russia optimism baked in and that is looking to be unwarranted. Combine this with the fantastic analysis from @The_Ni related to the interest rate hike and you’ve got a good recipe for an overnight gap down.

Would I bet the farm? No. The market can remain optimistic about Russia longer than you can stay solvent.

Remember SPY is basically doing fuck all at the moment. It dropped during the speech and recovered, which it does all the time. The real moves wouldn’t occur until after hours.

9 Likes

Tl;dr: 1) Call buying and put selling did not accompany positive market movement. 2) 2x as many institutional fund managers think 2022 will bear market year compared to a month ago. Both are bearish signals.

Sentiment won the day today

Well, that was an eventful day. Between 2.00pm and 2.30pm, it seems like the market was doing what we’d anticipated - SPY going down $8 because 0.25 was seen as “not enough.” But then master pacifier JPow spoke sweet words of comfort and markets did an epic u-turn, ending $10 higher.

To be fair, he did a masterful job at said pacification. He talked about a strong economy, a tight labor force, confidence in inflation coming down to meet rates half way by the end of the year, and his belief that recession was highly unlikely. And to the extent that part of his job is to assist in keeping markets orderly, he probably earned his paycheck in this one single day. Because as we know, today could have ended up very, very nasty.

Now that the sting of being quite wrong for an hour after feeling right for that first 30mins is out of the way, let’s talk about what might happen next.

Market went up, but options did not follow

With opex - quad witching at that - just two days away, and FOMC behind us, it might end up playing an outsized role from here on out. The status quo is that there is a lot of negative delta in the current setup, which basically means that puts rule over calls and because of how MM delta hedging works, has a downward effect on prices. The corollary to this is when opex is over, MMs can de-hedge, the downward pull is gone, and stocks can rebound.

What happened in the options world today seems to be that markets went up, but curiously enough, people did not buy calls or sell puts in any appreciable degree. We see QQQ below which went up 3.71% (!!) yet option reactions were basically flat. (From SpotGamma’s HIRO indicator.)

Long term, not getting calls or liquidating puts is a possible signal that folks do not have confidence in this rally.

Short term though, the implication, as Brent from SG notes in the comments, is that the opex unwind rally might have actually gotten moved up by a few days. Because when SPY moves up $12 two days before opex, it reduces the hedging requirements of MMs for all those heavy, heavy puts that are now OTM, and they can reduce their short positions accordingly. Shorts gone, markets go up. This could very likely be one of the reasons markets went up as sharply as they did toward the end.

Institutional fund managers doubled down on bear mode in March

BofA’s survey of global institutional fund managers reports that 60% of them now think we’ll have a bear market in 2022 - double the number from just a month ago!

This doesn’t mean they are about to dump. If they are reporting this to BofA now, they will have very likely already dumped and/or hedged appropriately. The medium term implication therefore is that they might be sitting on dry powder, but they might wait to actually deploy until a bottom is clear. Because what asset managers hate more than not making money is losing money.

10 Likes

There have been a bunch of post mortems on the weird market V-reaction around the FOMC meeting, and this thread more or less captures what people who track option behavior seem to think happened:

https://twitter.com/perfiliev/status/1504506675407073283

Short version: The sell-off after 2pm was arrested by a strong support level which was heavy with gamma itself. (This showed up as S5, which SPY bounced off of, if you follow OptionsMillionaire.) When the sell-off paused, it allowed volatility to lower. Volatility (… IV) already wanted to dial down because uncertainty was removed when FOMC said “0.25%” - now we knew. When volatility dialed down from these two effects, and showed up as IV contraction, vanna and charm effects kicked in. The ones that normally kick in after opex. And led to the rally that we saw.

9 Likes

Thought this was mildly interesting but not sure what to say about it:

https://twitter.com/charliebilello/status/1504927294942588931

3 Likes

Notes from Dave Lee’s interview with Puru Saxena, a retired money manager from Hong Kong.

Q at 26:52: What kind of indicators are you looking at to determine the bottom?

  • Top line: Another 10 to 12% downside to go at the index level, at around S&P 3700 and Nasdaq 11700.
  • Gun to his head, Puru Saxena states a 75 to 80% conviction for this downside move for the bottom.
  • Based on VIX over the last 20 years, VIX spiking to around 45 to 50 signaled a bottom. Note that 80ish to 90 happened in 2008 and 2020.
  • Put/call ratio has not yet reached the extremes seen in the previous bear markets in the last 15 years or so.
  • Forward P/E. Currently S&P trades at around 19, and Nasdaq trades at around 22 or 23. Historically the S&P bottomed out at around 15 to 16, and Nasdaq bottomed at around 18 to 19.
  • Technicals. Based on 40 month exponential moving average, the market will bottom at around S&P 3700 and Nasdaq 11700.
5 Likes

Looking into SPY for this week. As some people are currently speculating, last week’s rally ended up being surprisngly strong given the current sentiment in the Market. My bearish predictions ended up being false for several reasons that I’m not fully aware of to explain in detail. Between JPow’s sweet buttery voice and the theories on Option OI during Quarterly Expirations, last week is a good reference for how to handle this situation in June.

Looking into this week, something to keep notice on is the current position SPY is in on the daily.

Currently it’s in an area which could likely bounce downwards. This is also before any bad news comes from Ukraine or China as Evergrande is becoming a mention once again while Oil is starting to reclimb upward.

I’m expecting some downside at least Monday, but if we are to see any upside from 440, it likely needs to consolidate at this level for a few days to signal that SPY is not overbought.

5 Likes

looking to enter a starter put position at 450 area, that’s where large blocks are set to sell as of now. outside of that, uptrend continues.

3 Likes

Seconded. Trying to hold off taking a put but it’s looking pretty weak here.

1 Like

keep in mind jpow is set to talk again tomorrow. Yesterday markets were spooked when he was talking about his thoughts on fighting inflation during a non-government speech. At the very least, expect volatility towards market close + RTH on Wednesday when he’s officially on the mic.

1 Like

So in simple terms, market gets extra spooked tomorrow?

1 Like

starting a position next touch at 449.2-4 range. tech is starting to slow down and a lot of the blue chips are hitting hard resistances after rallying 10-20%. expecting profit-taking + upcoming sentiment to turn the market to the downside. keep an eye on how euro markets close in an hour or so.

1 Like

QQQ beginning to fall. considering it’s weight on spy I’d expect spy to follow. There aren’t many bids above the 449 level on the orderbooks right now…

1 Like

limit sell hit earlier. looks like volume coming in right now to continue the uptrend. going to grab positions after hours depending how we close. not in anything right now.

1 Like

pretty balanced buying and selling this past hour, still waiting on eod to make my move. spy respecting the mid area of 449 still.

2 Likes

medium term looking at 442 area. not much supports until then based on order books.

2 Likes

starting a position here

2 Likes

dips getting bought pretty aggressively. market is imbalanced to the sell side right now. waiting till market close to average down on my puts if theyre down.